Data encryption is a potent security measure that encrypts sensitive information into gibberish that what is encryption in computer is unreadable to ensure that only the intended recipient will be able to decode it. It is an essential component of digital transformation, since it ensures the security of information stored on computer systems or networks, such as the Internet. It provides integrity and authentication and ensures that data isn’t altered or altered during transmission or storage.

The process of encryption involves converting the original data into a form that can only be read by the person receiving it using a password or key. In the majority of instances, a user can translate the ciphertext to its original format. Modern encryption techniques use algorithms to scramble the original data into ciphertext. Various methods and algorithms are employed to accomplish this that include transposition and substitution techniques. The Caesar cipher is an early example of a substitution cipher. Each letter is replaced by a different one at a specific number of places down the alphabet.

The encryption of data is often required to ensure compliance with the rules set by different organizations or standard bodies, including the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) and other consumer protection laws. It is also an essential security measure for protecting sensitive company, client or patient data from cyberattacks. Retailers must, for example protect credit card information and shipping information when they transfer them between systems or across networks. The encryption process can safeguard data stored on computers, USB devices and other hardware from physical or virtual theft by hackers.